Posts Tagged ‘Westpac’

Black Swans lurking around Australia’s banking system

Sunday, March 28th, 2010

We must confess, we are getting more and more nervous about the potential for a Black Swan hitting the Australian economy. Particularly, we are looking at a vulnerability in the banking system. Here are some facts about Australian banks:

  1. As at December 2009, around 75% of the Australian mortgage market is held by the Big 4 banks. 50% are held by Commonwealth and Westpac while 25% are held by ANZ and NAB. (source: CoreData’s Australian Mortgage Report Q1 2010)
  2. 60% of Commonwealth’s lending books are residential mortgages.
  3. 50% of Westpac’s lending books are residential mortgages.

Now, here’s an interesting news report from almost two years ago:

The Reserve Bank of Australia has a dark worry about our banks: they get 90 per cent of their cash from each other. If one bank gets into trouble, the Australian financial system could be snap-frozen overnight.

The question is: how true is this today? Since we are not banking analysts here, we are guessing that the situation in 2008 is not much different today. If Commonwealth Bank’s balance sheet is representative of the banking system, then judging from the fact that only around 1% of its total assets are government bonds, it seems that this is still true today. If we have any more information about this peculiar nature of the Australian banking system, we will inform you.

GoldMoney. The best way to buy gold & silverAssuming that this is true, then think of the implication: All it takes to paralyse Australia’s banking system is for some mortgage debts to go bad. Why? That’s because by nature, banks are highly leveraged. As we explained in Effect of write-down on bank balance sheet, bad debts will have more than proportionate effect on the equity of banks. For example, take a look at Commonwealth Bank (CBA) 2009 Annual Report– you can see that its leverage ratio is almost 20 times (total assets of $620.4 billion against $31.4 billion of equity). Among the the $620.4 billion of assets, $473.7 billion are loan assets. That means, if around 6.6% of CBA’s loans go bad (any loans, not just mortgages), 100% of its shareholder equity will be wiped out. In reality, long before that happens, alarm bells will be ringing in APRA (the banking regulator).

At the current state of affairs, the health of Australian banks’ mortgage loan books is very dependent on Australia’s unemployment rate. Once the unemployment goes up to a certain level, a tipping point will be reached whereby mortgages will start to default. When enough mortgages default, any of the Big 4 can become insolvent. With that, the solvency of the banking system will be threatened.? As we wrote in RBA committing logical errors regarding Australian household finance,

As unemployment rises, it will eventually reach a critical mass of prime debts turning sub-prime. Once this critical mass is reached, the deterioration in the Australian economy will accelerate (see what?s happening in the US and UK today).

Of course, economists, politicians, media will harp about how ‘safe’ the banks’ mortgage debts are. A quick read on the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)’s latest Financial Stability Review will give you a feel that they are not worried about the solvency of mortgage debts.

But that is beside the point.

The issue is not how ‘safe’ or ‘risky’ mortgage debts are- on paper, they are ‘safe.’ The issue is this: Why on earth is Australia concentrating the risks to its banking system? Every financial adviser will counsel you on the importance of diversification. Yet, when it comes to the Australia’s banking system, the opposite is happening.

The greater the concentration of risks, the less the margin for error is. If you live life with less and less margin for error, that’s when accidents are waiting to happen. That is where Black Swans lurks (see Failure to understand Black Swan leads to fallacious thinking).

We are getting more and more nervous.

Are improving consumer sentiments ‘good’ news?

Wednesday, June 10th, 2009

In today’s 7:30 Report, Kerry O’Brien reported of a good news on the Australian economy. The good news, as it turned out to be, was a surprise jump in consumer sentiment as measured by the Westpac-Melbourne Institute index. It was the largest jump in 22 years. Words to describe this rebound include, “remarkable” and “surprise.”

What was the reason for the jump? According to Bill Evans, chief economist of Westpac, it was “very likely that the dominant factor behind this extraordinary rise was the release of the March quarter national accounts last Wednesday.” Other reasons include the lowering of interest rates, stock market rally and so on.

The fact that economists got excited over something so meaningless shows that shonky economics is practiced here in Australia.

As we quoted Wilhelm R?pk in his 1936 classic at Why is the market so easily tossed and turned by dribs and drabs of data?,

It was indeed an ingenious idea to apply the principle of nautical astronomy to economic forecasting, but there was one fatal flaw. For as long as we have not made a thorough investigation into the causal relationships between the time-series, the mere temporal sequence does not tell us any more than that something has happened in the past which might not happen in the future if some variables in the causal mechanism should change. But in investigating the causal relationships we are thrown back from statistical empiricism to ?theory? in the deductive and analytical sense.

By the statistical method, we ascertain facts, but we cannot explain them, i.e., bring them into logical order so that we ?understand? them. Only analytical theory can do that, and if there has been, in recent years, any furthering of our insight into the mechanism of crises and cycles, this has been the work of the theorists and not of the empiricists.

Where is the critical thinking by those mainstream economists?

It is very easy to understand why consumer sentiments improved. Today, many people’s ‘wealth’ are tied to the asset markets. Many have their retirement ‘savings’ invested in superannuation funds, which in turn pour the money into the stock market. Also, many have most of their ‘wealth’ tied to their primary asset, their home, which in turn depend on the property market. To put it simply, people’s sense of financial well-being are tied to asset prices. For those deep in debt, if their asset prices collapses, it’s curtains closed for them.

Naturally, if

  1. One’s sense of financial well-being depends on asset prices and
  2. Having read about “green shoots,” recovery ‘hopes,’ Chinese appetite for Aussie dirt, and sustained stock market rallies on the mainstream media daily and repeatedly,

… it is easy to feel optimistic as an indebted consumer. As the Nazi propaganda chief, Gobbels once remarked, if you repeat something long enough, eventually people will believe it as truth.

Allegedly, the stock market, in response, rallied hard upon this ‘good’ news. In some ways, this rally will feed back into consumer confidence. This reminds us of this story at Do sentiments make the economy or the economy makes the sentiments?,

It was autumn, and the Red Indians on the remote reservation asked their new chief if the winter was going to be cold or mild. Since he was a Red Indian chief in a modern society, he couldn?t tell what the weather was going to be. Nevertheless, to be on the safe side, he told his tribe that the winter was indeed going to be cold and that the members of the village should collect wood to be prepared.

But, being a practical leader, after several days he got an idea. He went to the phone booth, called the National Weather Service and asked, ?Is the coming winter going to be cold??

?It looks like this winter is going to be quite cold indeed,? the meteorologist at the weather service responded.

So the chief went back to his people and told them to collect even more wood. A week later, he called the National Weather Service again.

?Is it going to be a very cold winter??

?Yes,? the man at the National Weather Service again replied, ?It?s definitely going to be a very cold winter.?

The chief again went back to his people and ordered them to collect every scrap of wood they could find. Two weeks later, he called the National Weather Service again.

?Are you absolutely sure that the winter is going to be very cold??

?Absolutely,? the man replied.

?It?s going to be one of the coldest winters ever.?

?How can you be so sure?? the chief asked.

The weatherman replied, ?The Red Indians are collecting wood like crazy.?

This Westpac-Melbourne survey result is like the Weather Service man ‘predicting’ cold weather ahead by observing the Red Indians collecting firewood like crazy, who in turn did so on the Weather Service’s ‘prediction.’

It doesn’t take a genius to deduce that another panic in the stock market will cause consumer sentiment to tumble again.