Posts Tagged ‘state’

Rise of strong man or decline of nation-state?

Thursday, February 25th, 2010

Here is a quick question for our readers to ask themselves: In view that the world is facing increasingly serious problems (e.g. climate change, Peak Oil, geo-political tensions, debasement of fiat money, food shortages, environment degradation, pollution, ageing population, e.t.c.), do you think these challenges will be increasingly insurmountable and as a result, lead to the:

  1. Decline of centralised government control (more disorder, more control by non-state actors, e.t.c)? OR
  2. Stronger government control of every aspect of our lives?

One of the repeated implied themes that we come across in our readings among contrarian literature is that 2007 is the peak of global prosperity. That means from now on, life is going to get harder and harder, for us, our children and grandchildren.

The basic point of this theme is actually quite simple. The amount of life-sustaining resources (e.g. clean water, oil, food, clean air, e.t.c.) for each human being in the planet is declining (due to natural forces and human stupidity). That does not necessarily mean that the absolute quantity of resources is declining. In some cases, it will be due to the fact that the increase in supply of resources is not growing fast enough to catch up with increasing needs.

With the world more interconnected than ever before and due to the global nature of the problems, everyone in this world will be affected. No doubt, humans will attempt to rise up to overcome them and there will be victories and setbacks along the way. But the important thing to remember is that governments will be increasingly unable to solve its citizen’s problems as the challenges will become increasingly insurmountable. Along with that (and because of that), the authority of the state will decline.

The big question to ask is how the journey will look like:

Increased cooperation among nation-states?
Global problems require global response. If the US and China cannot agree on Chinese tyres and American chicken, how can they possibly cooperate together to solve real problems?

The root of this is that whilst everyone agrees that something needs to be done to solve global challenges, everyone would prefer that someone else foot the bill. For example, on the issue of global warming, the developed nations want developing nations to offer their fair share of effort. But the latter sees that since it is the former that started the problem over the past couple of centuries, it is the latter’s responsibility to contribute a bigger share of the effort.

We can rule out this outcome.

Rise of a strong man/institution?
If increased global cooperation cannot be achieved, then in the face of acute global challenges, there will be increased conflict between nation-states, ethnic groups, non-state actors (e.g. terrorist, mafia, armed militias). The genocide in Dafur, Sudan is such an example.

In desperation or in an attempt to pre-empt conflict, mandate may be given to a strong man who can twist arms and pull fingernails to solve the problems that traditional nation-state governments can’t.

Can this happen? We read many accounts of life under Weimar Germany in the 1920s/30s. It was tough, brutal and erratic. Hyperinflation and the Great Depression made the people desperate. Back then, Germany was a highly divided nation. The state was weak, which allowed political parties and organisations to form disciplined armed groups. Hitler’s Nazi party was an example. Prior to the Nazi takeover, the Nazi Party already had its own uniformed thugs (e.g. the SS and SA stormtrooppers). They were also already secretly acquiring weapons. Eventually, the German people gave Hitler the mandate out of desperation.

Already, we have people like Lord Mockton alleging that the Copenhagen Agreement is part of plot to rise up a world government.

Increasing decentralisation of state power, disorder and even anarchy?
Indeed, this is the idea raised by Phil Williams from the Strategic Studies Institute of the United States Army War College. In his book, From the New Middle Ages to a New Dark Age: The Decline of the State and U.S. Strategy, he wrote that

Underlying the change from traditional geopolitics to security as a governance issue is the long-term decline of the state. Despite state resilience, this trend could prove unstoppable. If so, it will be essential to replace dominant state-centric perceptions and assessments (what the author terms ?stateocentrism?) with alternative judgments acknowledging the reduced role and diminished effectiveness of states. This alternative assessment has been articulated most effectively in the notion of the New Middle Ages in which the state is only one of many actors, and the forces of disorder loom large.

Failure to manage the forces of global disorder, however, could lead to something even more forbid-ding?a New Dark Age.

A very good modern-day example of the decline of the state is Pakistan. Today, the Pakistani government is only one of the powers in the country. There are the Pakistani Taliban, Al-Qaeda and local tribes with inter-locking and overlapping allegiances and control. Mexico is another example, with the drug cartels undermining the power and authority of the state.


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Editor’s note: Thanks to Kevin Rudd’s parallel import laws, which makes books in Australian bookshops even more expensive than books ordered through the Internet. We found one technical/professional book that is 33% cheaper in Book Depository than from the local Dymocks book shop! If you find any Internet book shop that is even cheaper than Book Depository, please let us know.


Regardless of whether we will face the decline of the nation-state or not, the first symptoms we will face are price inflation, which will be exacerbated by monetary inflation. Even our friend, Professor Steve Keen, who is firmly in the deflation camp, believes that the only things that can potentially wreck his deflation economic model are global warming and Peak Oil.

When we see the challenges facing the world in the years to come, we believe that there is a high chance that the current way of life and standard of living, is the best it can get and that it will be downhill from now on. In other words, life will be harder, more volatile and we can expect less help from the government. Therefore, to thrive well in the future, you will have to acquire self-sufficiency equipment/skills, stockpiling of supplies and self-defence equipment/skills.

For our Australian readers, it may look like this is the view of survivalist nuts. But if we are not wrong, the mood in the United States turning towards increasing anxiety, as if the modern world is on thin ice. The good news is, the downward path will be very gradual, which means we have plenty of time to prepare. The bad news is, the slow pace will lull the majority into complacency.

We will explore this theme more in the future. With this, we will show you a video of Marc Faber’s interview by ABC’s Ali Moore 11 months ago:

Pre-empting strong states

Sunday, June 28th, 2009

On our previous article, one of our readers David, commented that

The situation you describe is just the kind of thing that makes me wonder what will happen when the squeeze occurs. I wonder if all of a sudden the government will come in and change the rules of the game to hide this or prevent it from happening. All of a sudden the rules might just change and FRNs might be substituted for physical Silver in contracts that require physical Silver delivery, just for the sake of the system, and like preferred debt holders at GM silver ?holders? will not get there silver and not have their day in court either.

I can?t remember the source of this quote but it goes something like this:?its not necessarily good to be right when you are betting against the government.? This goes again to the deterioration of the rule of law in the USA and the capital flight this will cause. Will laughing really be the right course of action when Silver defaults happen and the price starts to rise?

This situation mentioned by David is the major Black Swan concerns that bullion investors have. As we mentioned in the reply,

Yes, that quote comes from Marc Faber.

Government intervention to change the rules in the middle of the game is the fundamental uncertainty of silver play (in fact, it is a play on all precious metals/commodities/real assets investing). It is a Black Swan (rule changing) on a Black Swan (silver defaults).

A question we have to ask ourselves is whether we think the future is one of the strong state or a weak state (see Gold and the strong state). A strong state is one in which it has the coercive power to change the rules and enforce obedience to the rules on pain of death. The weak state is one in which the free market forces overrule the powers of the coercive state. There are good arguments for either case.

In either case, we have to be vigilant and take pre-emptive steps in the event that we see the rise of the strong state.

This reply prompted another of our readers, pb, to ask,

I was wondering if you could elaborate on the ?pre-emptive? steps you mention above?

Also would you consider Australia to already be a strong state?

Today’s article will answer this question. For this, we will assume that you’ve already read Gold and the strong state. Otherwise, this article will not make sense.

First, we will address the question of the strong state. Our idea of the strong/weak states comes from this book from the Strategic Studies Institute of the United States Army War College- From the New Middle Ages to a New Dark Age: The Decline of the State and U.S. Strategy. The author believes that the world trending towards the New Dark Age whereby…

Underlying the change from traditional geopolitics to security as a governance issue is the long-term decline of the state. Despite state resilience, this trend could prove unstoppable. If so, it will be essential to replace dominant state-centric perceptions and assessments (what the author terms ?stateocentrism?) with alternative judgements acknowledging the reduced role and diminished effectiveness of states. This alternative assessment has been articulated most effectively in the notion of the New Middle Ages in which the state is only one of many actors, and the forces of disorder loom large.

We remain agnostic on the author’s view. Will the state reign supreme? Or will, as the author believes, the “state is only one of many actors, and the forces of disorder loom large?”

To set you thinking, let us pose you a couple of scenarios:

  1. Let’s imagine you had bullion in Stalin’s Soviet Union in the 1930s, and let’s imagine that Stalin issued a decree that all bullion owners must turn in all the physical gold in their possessions. Otherwise, the consequences will be torture and death in the gulags. Would you comply?
  2. Let’s say you have bullion in Afghanistan today. Hamid Karzai’s weak central government issued a decree that all bullion must in the possession of the state. Would you comply?

These two scenarios are at polar opposites. The question of whether Australia is a strong state or not is rather subjective (and besides, geo-politics/law is not our cup of tea). Arguably, Australia is a stronger state than China. That’s because assertion of central authority is constantly an issue in China’s long history. Today, we still read of stories of the Chinese central governments’ decrees getting watered down as they passed through the provincial governments to the local officials, down to the grass root level. In another sense, China is a stronger state than Australia because there are more democratic checks and balances that limit the power of any entity in Australia. As to whether Australia is a strong state or not, we urge our readers to take a look at Section 42 of the Banking Act here.

In essence, if we see (1) the trend towards stronger government power, more government interventions, greater concentration of power, rise of Big Brother and (2) government debasement of fiat money, then bullion investors should better watch out and take pre-emptive actions. What do we mean by pre-emptive actions? This is a rather left-field question, involving all your wit to remain a step ahead. Here we offer you some ideas (note: we do not necessarily endorse all these ideas):

  1. In 1933, when the US government nationalise gold and silver, 77% of citizens retained them, illegally.
  2. The government will nationalise bullion if the free market are using them as money. If the free market are using them as money, it means hyperinflation would have occurred. If hyperinflation have already occurred, it would already mean that wealth have already been transferred to the bullion holders. If wealth have already been transferred, then there’s no point in holding bullion. By the time this occurs, sell your gold to the government and immediately use the proceeds to buying something else tangible (e.g. real estates, farm land, office blocks, bribes to skip the country on a boat, etc).
  3. There’s always the black market, which is essentially the free market going underground to assert itself against the government’s unsound interventions.
  4. Buy and store your bullion overseas (this may mean you have to make an overseas trip to do that).

It should be clear by now, investing in physical gold (and silver) is not just a mere financial decision. It is also making a political statement that you care for liberty and freedom. It is also a vote against the financial oligarchs, who derives its power from the fiat monetary system (see The Quiet Coup by Simon Johnson, former chief economist of the IMF).