Posts Tagged ‘Henry Paulson’

Where is Paulson going to get $700 billion for his bail-out plan from?

Sunday, September 28th, 2008

There’s news of a (yet another) tentative deal for Henry Paulson’s US$700 billion bailout Plan. There is a lot of public discontent and anger over the plan. After all, why should Main Street pay for Wall Street’s stupidity and greed? What about the millions of dollars of ‘golden parachutes’ for executives? The idea of the Plan sounds good in principle, but there are a lot of unanswered questions.

First, as Congressman Ron Paul grilled Ben Bernanke, if the free market has no idea how much these dodgy assets are worth, then how on earth can the Treasury and the Fed work out their value? Ben Bernanke gave a very unconvincing answer. As we explained in How much to pay for toxic debt?, if the government is too stingy in the price it pays (so as to act in the interests of tax-payers), then the Plan will become completely pointless. It’s an either all or never situation. Half-baked measures are worse then no measures.

This leads to another question. Even if it’s possible for the authorities to work out how much these toxic stuffs are worth in due time, where on earth did they come up with the figure of $700 billion? As this article reported,

“It’s not based on any particular data point,” a Treasury spokeswoman told Forbes.com Tuesday. “We just wanted to choose a really large number.”

In other words, that figure was just a ‘large’ number plucked from the sky.

Next, is that ‘large’ figure, $700 billion enough? We are doubtful. Total private debt in the US is a cool $41 trillion and that does not include the many trillions of dollars of public debt. Estimates of the US public debt that includes the unfunded medicare and social security liabilities ranges between $40 to $55 trillion (see How is the US going to repay its national debt?). Therefore, $700 billion is really chicken feed. Marc Faber estimated that $5 trillion is a more realistic figure.

Then, the next question to ask is this: where on earth is the money going to come from? If the US government issues new government debt, this will increase the debt-servicing burden of the US government, which in turn means that the tax burden of the American people will have to increase. But after listening to yesterday’s McCain-Obama debate, we couldn’t believe our ears when both of them were talking about tax cuts! With a national debt so astronomically high, nationalisations, bailouts and the Plan will increase it even further. How on earth could these two presidential hopefuls talk about cutting tax?

Regardless of the wrangling due to the Plan, this fundamental fact remains: the entire nation has no means to pay for its public and private debt. It’s either debt default or crushing tax for their current and future generations. If both outcomes are out of the question, then there’s only one way left. As we said before in Bush?s mortgage relief plan- who pays? back in December last year,

Bush could tax the American people to pay for his plan. But this will be politically impossible because in a democracy, the mob always want something for nothing. The next best alternative will be through stealth tax- ?printing? of money (see How to secretly rob the people with monetary inflation?). This way, the American people will pay through price inflation. That is, they will pay through the further loss of their dollar?s purchasing power.

Do you think the US will eventually resort to the monetary printing press?

How much to pay for toxic debt?

Monday, September 22nd, 2008

Now that Henry Paulson has already announced of a plan to bail out the US financial system with a US$700 billion (to $1 trillion) slush fund, the next devil is the detail. In this plan, the US government will buy up unwanted toxic debts from financial institutions and then sell them to the market quietly in a few years time. Because these toxic debts are unwanted, no one wants to buy them and hence, their value are priced laughingly low. As a result, the solvency of these financial institutions are threatened.

The first problem is, how much should the US government pay for these toxic debts?

First, let’s refer to the hypothetically simplified bank balance sheet in our earlier article, Effect of write-down on bank balance sheet. As you can see from that article, depending on how highly leverage the bank is, even a small write-down means that it has to either raise that amount in the equity market or sell a lot of its remaining assets to keep itself within the right side of banking regulations.

What if the the government pays a price that is better than laughingly low but still quite a distance from the book value? Banks will still have to write down the value of its asset. Then it has to raise money to patch up that hole. Given that the credit market is quite frozen up, this is quite unlikely. Therefore, its only other choice will be to sell its other surviving assets.

What if other banks are in the same predicament? Then there will be mass selling in the markets, which will then depress prices of assets even further, which then… it’s depressing to repeat the vicious cycle here.

The basic idea is that banks will still fail anyway if the US government is not generous enough in opening its wallet to pay for junk assets. Our feeling is that $700 billion may turn out to be too conservative an estimate. The government may end up spending more money than it intends to.

Is this the beginning of the loss of confidence in fiat money?

Sunday, September 21st, 2008

Events from the past week are tumultuous. It started from the nationalisation of Freddie and Fannie (we were mulling about the implication of nationalisation 2 months ago in How do we all pay for the bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?). Then came the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and takeover of Merrill Lynch. Then we have the nationalisation of AIG. Gold prices surged by more than US$100 in two days (it had declined since), which was the most rapid surge in 26 years. At the same time, the Dow plunged by more than 400 points. It looked as if there was a panic from stocks straight to gold, which meant even cash was distrusted.

Then we have another massive rally in stocks for the past two days when there was hope that the US government, in conjunction with the Federal Reserve are doing something to solve the root of the rot in the financial system. Reports come out that they are planning to use taxpayers’ money to buy up bad assets at sale price. As always the case, the devil is in the details. At this point in time, there is no definitive figure on the cost. Make no mistake about this: this is no trivial task. As this New York Times article reported, Ben Bernanke warned the Congressional leaders,

As Senator Christopher J. Dodd, Democrat of Connecticut and chairman of the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee, put it Friday morning on the ABC program ?Good Morning America,? the congressional leaders were told ?that we?re literally maybe days away from a complete meltdown of our financial system, with all the implications here at home and globally.?

Mr. Schumer added, ?History was sort of hanging over it, like this was a moment.?

When Mr. Schumer described the meeting as ?somber,? Mr. Dodd cut in. ?Somber doesn?t begin to justify the words,? he said. ?We have never heard language like this.?

By now, it should be clear that this global financial disaster has the potential of even surpassing the Great Depression of the 1930s!

Is this crisis a surprise? If you listen to the mainstream economic schools of thought, central bankers, mainstream financial media, captains of the financial industry and so on, it looked as if this looming financial disaster is something that no one can see coming. The common underlying excuse (that was un-said, un-written but implied) goes something like this: “No one could ever foresee this! It’s impossible! Only hindsight can tell!”

Now, we would like to make it clear that this is completely false. Please note that we are not accusing individuals of lying. Instead, our point is that this excuse is a sign of collective mass delusion. If you look at the 6000 years worth of the history of human civilisation, you will find that humanity is repeatedly capable of mass delusions. Always, only the minority could see through the lie. In this case, students and practitioners of the non-mainstream Austrian School of economic thought SAW IT COMING. Some of them sounded the alarm as early as 2004! To press our point further, let’s us show you the chronicle of our warnings in this blog since 2006…

  1. In May 2008, when the world was in denial about the precarious state of the global financial system, Satyajit Das warned that the credit crisis was just the end of the beginning (see Is the credit crisis the end of the beginning?).
  2. Back in November 2007, if you look at the list of major US financial institutions that was compiled by Nouriel Roubini at How solvent are some of the major US financial institutions?, only half of them are left standing. Interestingly, Merrill Lynch was the safest among the insolvents and today, it failed to live. If Merrill Lynch was insolvent, what about the remaining ones today (i.e. Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup)?
  3. In June 2007, in Epic, unprecedented inflation, we warned that

    How much longer will the roaring global economy fly? We do not know the answer, for this boom may last longer than what we anticipated. However, please note that in the entire history of humanity, all bubbles (and we repeat, ALL) burst in the end. Thus, a global painful hangover will ensue?the greater the boom, the more painful the eventual bust. This is the theme that we had repeated many times.

    Thus, do not be surprised if a second Great Depression were to strike.

  4. In the same month, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) warned that the world was in danger of another Great Depression (see Bank for International Settlements warns of another Great Depression).
  5. Back in January 2007, in Spectre of deflation, we wrote that

    But we smell danger.

    It is a danger in which many in the finance industry failed to fully appreciate?deflation. Such complacency is beyond our belief. In the 1990s, Japan experienced it, with dire consequences for their economy. At least, the ordinary Japanese had their savings to fall back on. For many Americans, with their negative savings rate, what can they fall back on? Have they not learned from the mistakes of others in the past?

  6. In the same month, Trichet, the president of EU central bank warned of a coming asset re-pricing (see Prepare for asset repricing, warns Trichet).
  7. Back in November 2006, in How will asset-driven ?growth? eventually harm the economy?, when the global economy was still booming in apparent ‘prosperity’, we quoted the late Ludwig von Mises (the in which the Mises Institute of the libertarian Austrian School of economic thought is named after) and warned that

    That collective error in judgement resulted in the economy misallocating scarce resources into housing sector?in the case of the US, a significant proportion of the jobs created during the asset-driven ?growth? was related (both directly and indirectly) to the housing boom. Since economic resources are always scarce, any misallocation of it implies an opportunity cost on the other sectors of the economy. The result is a structural damage to the economy that can only be corrected through a recession.

    This is the reason why we believe a recession is on its way.

  8. In October 2006, we quoted the late Dr. Kurt Richebächer (an Austrian School economist) and questioned in The Bubble Economy,
  9. These are some of the serious questions we would like to ask:

    1. As the US spends its way into economic ruin, its economy is being damaged structurally. How much longer can the US sustain its colossal debt?
    2. Right now, the US housing bubble is deflating. Will it eventually burst and wreck havoc on the rest of the economy?

Other contrarians who sounded the alarm long ago (and we quoted often) include Marc Faber, Jimmy Rogers, Robert Shiller, Peter Bernstein, Nouriel Roubini and our local Aussie economist, Professor Steve Keen.

Our readers should, by now, appreciate the colossal magnitude of this financial crisis. When you listen the media, the phrase “since the Great Depression” is often mentioned. Make no mistake about this, this has the potential to be worse than the Great Depression (note: we are NOT predicting that it will happen).

The world’s stock market is rallying in the hope that the US government’s plan to nationalise the financial industry will be successful in stopping the core of the rot. New legislations has to be rushed through Congress by the end of next week to change the rules to make the plan legal. As in everything done in haste, we believe there will not be enough thought put into them to understand the long-term ramifications. It is probable that once the changes are in place, they will not be revisited again.

As we warned in Recipe for hyperinflation,

There is no way any politician can sell the message that America needs a severe recession (or even a depression) to cleanse the economy from the gross excesses, imbalances, blunders and mal-investments. Thus, it is very likely that they will have to fight deflation till the very bitter end, till the last drop of blood from their last soldier. Since the current structure of ?rules? will be too restrictive in such a war against deflation, there will be popular momentum towards the bending and rolling back of these ?rules.? If they press on relentlessly till the final end, there can only be one outcome: the US dollar will be joining the long list of failed fiat paper money in the annals of human civilisation.

Rolling back the rules against money printing

Thursday, July 17th, 2008

Yesterday, we discussed about the importance of central banks being independent from the government in Why should central banks be independent from the government?. In particular, we mentioned that

Our fear is that with this credit crisis worsening by the day, deflation may prove such a unthinkable threat (e.g. see How do we all pay for the bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?) that the government will ?roll back? all these rules one by one in order to keep the entire financial system solvent. As the ancient Chinese saying goes, the journey of a thousand mile begins with the first step. Therefore, the journey towards a hyperinflation hell will begin with such measures (see Recipe for hyperinflation).

Incidentally, Jimmy Rogers said in a video interview, Rogers Calls Fannie, Freddie Rescue Plan a `Disaster’ that

This is a disaster for America. This is a disaster for the world. Ben Bernanke and Paulson are bailing out their friends on Wall Street, but there are 300 million of us Americans who are going to have to pay for this and there are six billion people in the world who are going to have to pay for this. And they are doing it with no authorization from anybody.

Paul Volcker said a couple of weeks ago that perhaps what the Federal Reserve has done is illegal. I would submit it is illegal what they have done and what they are doing. They are saddling all of us with hundreds of billions of dollars of debt that they have no authorization to do.

We are no legal experts here and thus, we have no say on the legality of what the Federal Reserve and Treasury is doing (or about to do). But we are confident of this: IF this is illegal, then emergency laws will be passed to legalise them. As we said before in Recipe for hyperinflation,

Now, imagine that those above-mentioned ?rules? are being relaxed such that the government can order the central bank to bail out everyone and every business that is financially insolvent by giving them freshly printed money. Overnight, this will solve the problem of bad debts and we will not have any credit crisis to worry about. Everyone will be happy right?

Indeed, Wall Street may be happy, but the rest of us will not be. As Marc Faber said in this video interview,

Let?s say if I?m a manufacturer and I?m a bad businessman and I go out of business, who?s going to help me? But Bear Stearns and the Wall Street elite because they?re tied into the Treasury and the Federal Reserve and they lunch together, it?s a club… and they?re bailed out. I mean it?s a joke.

It is no coincidence that the world is facing accelerating inflationary problems (see Who is to blame for surging food and oil prices?).